Biphenylene-containing polycyclic conjugated compounds

• Cagatay Dengiz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1895–1911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.141

• –Alder reactions (Scheme 5). Furthermore, the researchers conducted a comprehensive investigation into the optical and electrochemical characteristics of these compounds. The key component employed in the production process, known as 3,4-bis(methylene)cyclobutene, was generated through the application of

Rapid gas–liquid reaction in flow. Continuous synthesis and production of cyclohexene oxide

• Kyoko Mandai,
• Tetsuya Yamamoto,
• Hiroki Mandai and
• Aiichiro Nagaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 660–668, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.67

• oxidation and decomposition of oxidants generated from air and aldehyde. Furthermore, the fast epoxidation is applicable for the continuous production process of cyclohexene oxide for 1 hour maintaining stable operation. Results and Discussion Batch experiment of epoxidation of cyclohexene with air As an

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• impurities [30]. Drying at ≈100 °C for a defined time removes the free moisture in the material, which could affect the carbonization step [81]. A defined and standardized starting material size of the raw materials is also essential for the activated carbon production process and is obtained by milling and

• miscibility during the production process [78][94]. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) The USP method for continuous preparation of meso- and macroporous carbon spheres was used by Skrabalak et al. Ultrasonically nebulization of a precursor solution (carbon source and inorganic salts) by a humidifier results in

A systematic review on silica-, carbon-, and magnetic materials-supported copper species as efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts in “click” reactions

• Pezhman Shiri and
• Jasem Aboonajmi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 551–586, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.52

• of product separation, catalyst recovery, simplifying the production process, and cleaner operation conditions [18][19][20]. Thus far, several heterogeneous catalysts have been explored for CuAAC and RuAAC processes. The catalytic activities of heterogeneous copper catalysts as novel catalysts are

Latest development in the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): a critical review

• Fabio Tonin and
• Isabel W. C. E. Arends

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 470–483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.33

• times and lower costs for the chemical and enzymatic reactions involved. Keywords: bile acids; biotransformation; hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases; production process; UDCA; Introduction Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), is applied in the pharmaceutical industry (Figure 1) [1]. As reported in several papers

Ionic liquids as transesterification catalysts: applications for the synthesis of linear and cyclic organic carbonates

• Maurizio Selva,
• Alvise Perosa,
• Sandro Guidi and
• Lisa Cattelan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1911–1924, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.181

• feedstocks, in particular to CO, except that its thermodynamic stability poses severe challenges. This potential limitation was overcome by the Asahi Kasei Corp. that recently industrialized a catalytic polycarbonate production process based on the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the synthesis of DMC as an

Investigating the continuous synthesis of a nicotinonitrile precursor to nevirapine

• Ashley R. Longstreet,
• Suzanne M. Opalka,
• Brian S. Campbell,
• B. Frank Gupton and
• D. Tyler McQuade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2570–2578, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.292

• Al2O3 column is stable for a limited time (between 24 and 42 min depending on the reaction concentration used), the current solution would be to simply replace the columns throughout the production process or implement larger columns. At the current state, the amount of Al2O3 and molecular sieves needed

Continuous preparation of carbon-nanotube-supported platinum catalysts in a flow reactor directly heated by electric current

• Alicja Schlange,
• Antonio Rodolfo dos Santos,
• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1412–1420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.165

• . Differences regarding the oxidation behavior for the different samples can be clearly seen. Pristine nanotubes are thermally stable up to a temperature of 450 °C. The residue of 2.3% can be attributed to impurities remaining in the sample after the production process. In comparison to this result the oxidized

• with 37 wt % HCl at 100 °C for 5 h to remove any impurities remaining after the production process. In the next step the purified nanotubes were refluxed with 1 L of concentrated nitric acid (65 wt %) for 5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After each acid treatment the product was cooled down, filtered

Flow through reactors for organic chemistry: directly electrically heated tubular mini reactors as an enabling technology for organic synthesis

• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 70, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.70

• reaction is not only a suitable model but also one of industrial importance since this is the main production process for formic acid. Keywords: direct electric heating; flow reactors; micro reactors; organic chemistry; reaction kinetics; Introduction Continuously operated small reactors for organic

EcoScale, a semi- quantitative tool to select an organic preparation based on economical and ecological parameters

• Koen Van Aken,
• Lucjan Strekowski and
• Luc Patiny

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2006, 2, No. 3, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-3

• importance at a laboratory scale but can take up a significant cost of a production process. Therefore, it is important to stress that this EcoScale is specifically designed for laboratory scale conditions. Even with the scale issue in mind, each weight of the parameters and each (relative) value of the